Nine NGOs – Nature Trust (Malta), Flimkien Ghal Ambjent Ahjar, the Malta Organic and Agriculture Movement, Moviment Harsien Hondoq, Youth for the Environment, Grupp Universitarji Ghawdxin, Din l-Art Helwa, Friends of the Earth (Malta) and Ramblers’ Association – have joined the Nadur farmers in support to halt cemetery development that will damage freshwater springs that have been used for centuries.

For over five centuries the terraced citrus orchards below Nadur have been fed by the Ghajn Qasab springs funnelling rainwater from around 200 tumoli of adjacent garigue.

The Order of St John recognised the benefits of this precious freshwater resource and many of their stone channels still distribute the spring water in the terraced fields according to a traditional system of one weekday assigned to each farmer for irrigation. The freshwater at Ghajn Qasab provides the livelihood of these farmers cultivating approximately 5,000 citrus trees and vegetable patches below these springs.

The NGOs said that “disastrously for the farmers, in 2006 MEPA approved a 600 grave cemetery, at the very heart of this rainwater harvesting site despite objections by farmers who feared the contamination of these natural springs.”

“This short-sighted permit, issued against all technical advice, saw the excavation with heavy machinery of the site above the springs, destroying historical techniques dating back to the Knights, shattering bell-shaped wells that stored precious water, cutting off one of the valley springs and causing damage to the others,” the NGOs stated.

In August 2008, when excavations commenced, the farmers requested a prohibitory injunction. The court expert, his expertise contested by the farmers, stated that in his opinion “the construction of the cemetery will not have any detrimental effect on the quality or quantity of spring water that is used by farmers.”

The NGOs continued, “However farmers’ affidavits to MEPA testify to “considerable spring deviations, resulting in a two-third loss in spring water irrigation”, “loss of farmland dedicated to vegetable cultivation”, the “purchase of second-class bowser-delivered water”, “less citrus yields, and the shrivelling of numerous citrus trees” all adding up to “a decline in their livelihoods”. They also testified that during last year’s rainy season dust and cement turned the spring water “milky” due to the savage excavations above the springs.”

In March 2011, the NGOs said that “MEPA issued an Enforcement Notice as the developer abusively violated the permit conditions in the “variations in the lay-out of graves and the space/gaps between the graves were excavated and roofed, resulting in a passage below the ground”. The farmers fear that due to these violations in construction methods, the springs will in future be contaminated with dead body fluids, causing a fatal blow to this valley and farmers’ livelihood.”

A report presented by hydrologist Marco Cremona noted “the very evident deterioration” of the quality of the farmers’ water sources after the commencement of excavation works to make way for the cemetery. “There is no doubt in my mind that the contamination is linked to the excavation and construction works at the cemetery, not least because the site of the cemetery lies just upstream of the farmers’ springs.

Moreover, the fact that the contamination increases (to a level that even becomes visible to the untrained eye) immediately after a rain event also shows that there is a direct and immediate hydraulic connection between the site of the cemetery and the farmers’ water supply.”

The NGOs said that “the farmers have appealed against the permit but the Applicant continued with the excavations “at his own risk.” The MEPA Planning Appeals’ Board is now examining this appeal and shall deliver judgment on the 15 December 2011.”

The farmers are conscious that the Water Framework Directive, signed by the Maltese Government in 2000, considers the monitoring of “inland waters” as urgent since these require a “high degree of protection” under national legislation and under the EU Habitats Directive. “They still look to MEPA to uphold this legislation safeguarding their livelihood, and to ensure that this national natural heritage is kept alive for future generations,” the NGOs said.

The NGOs concluded by saying that they “call on MEPA to halt this development and rather look at the Eco Gozo vision which the present legislation is promoting for Gozo.”

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